Egypt is civil law legal system with a constitution that is fully independent.

Egypt has two levels of civil courts of primary jurisdiction: the Summary Courts generally hear cases where its value don't exceed 10,000 and it also include Urgent Matters Courts. Courts of First Instance generally hear cases where its value exceed 10,000 and also hear criminal, labor and commercial matters. Courts of First Instance hear appeals from the Summary Courts and appeals from the Court of First Instance are made to the main Courts of Appeal which are located in the principal cities of Egypt.

The Supreme Court of Appeal (also known as the Court of Cassation) reviews decisions of the Courts of Appeal. The Court of Cassation reviews only appeals on legal issues and does not review questions of fact.

A separate judicial system for administrative disputes exist and operate under the jurisdiction of the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat). The administrative courts are empowered to hear challenges to the validity of decisions issued by administrative entities as well as disputes involving contracts with the Government. The Council of State also has a Legislative Department that reviews draft legislation and Government contracts and renders legal opinions for the Government.

The Constitution, provides that the Supreme Constitutional Court is "vested solely with judicial control over the constitutionality of laws and regulations". The Constitutional Court also reviews administrative decisions and conflicts of jurisdictions between the civil and administrative courts.